Vehicle air conditioning: operation and maintenance

How does vehicle air conditioning work?

Vehicle air conditioning operates on a refrigeration principle similar to that of a refrigerator. It relies on a closed circuit in which a refrigerant circulates. R-1234yf is the most commonly used refrigerant in vehicle air-conditioning systems in Europe. It is a modern replacement for R-134a, with a very low GWP (global warming potential), is slightly flammable and complies with European regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases. The operation of a vehicle air-conditioning system comprises a number of stages, as follows:

Compression: the compressor, driven by the vehicle's engine via a belt, draws in the gaseous refrigerant and compresses it, increasing its temperature and pressure.

Condensation: the hot gas passes through the condenser (often located at the front of the vehicle), where it is cooled by the outside air. It then condenses into a high-pressure liquid.

Expansion: the liquid then passes through an expansion valve, which suddenly reduces its pressure. This causes a drop in temperature.

Evaporation: the cold liquid enters the evaporator, located in the passenger compartment. It absorbs the heat from the interior air blown by a fan, evaporates into gas, and thus cools the air circulating in the vehicle.

Back to the compressor: the fluid, now gaseous again, returns to the compressor, and the cycle starts all over again.

This system is essential not only to regulate temperature, but also to dehumidify the air, which improves comfort and visibility, especially when it comes to defogging windows.

To prolong the life of your vehicle's air conditioning system, it's important to maintain it regularly.

How do I maintain a vehicle's air-conditioning system?

There are a number of best practices to follow to increase the life expectancy of your air conditioning system, whatever the vehicle. Proper use, coupled with regular maintenance, not only prevents breakdowns, but also ensures optimum air quality in the cabin.

Here are a few tips on how to use and maintain your vehicle's air conditioning.

Use the air conditioning regularly: even in winter or when the outside temperature is mild, it's advisable to run the air conditioning for a few minutes every two weeks. This circulates the refrigerant and lubricates the seals, preventing them from drying out.

Don't push the system all the way from the start: it's best to open the windows for a few minutes before activating the air conditioning, especially after long exposure to the sun. This evacuates the warm air accumulated in the cabin and avoids unnecessary stress on the system.

Have the system checked every two years: regular inspection by a professional is essential. He or she will check the condition of the compressor, condenser, filters and refrigerant level. If the system runs out of refrigerant, it will need to be topped up to maintain its efficiency.

Change the cabin filter regularly: the cabin filter, or pollen filter, should be replaced approximately every 15,000 to 20,000 km, or once a year. A clogged filter reduces air quality and can interfere with ventilation.

Disinfect the system from time to time: humidity in the evaporator can encourage the proliferation of bacteria and moulds, responsible for unpleasant odours. Disinfectant sprays or professional cleaning can help maintain good hygiene.

Adopting these simple gestures helps maintain the efficiency of your air conditioning system, while limiting the risk of malfunction or costly repairs.

If your air conditioning is showing signs of weakness, or if you're simply looking to equip your vehicle with a high-performance system that complies with current standards. Wagendass offers a wide choice of new air conditioning systems, compatible with a wide range of vehicles, from cars to vans. You can rely on our expertise to advise and guide you towards a reliable, long-lasting solution that's perfectly suited to your needs.